Power Equations for Non-Detection Zone of Islanding Detection in Renewable-Energy-based Microgrids with Multiple Connection Points to Microgrids

Darvish Kermani, Saman; Davatgaran, Vahid; Beigzadeh, Arsalan; Joorabian, Mahmood

doi:10.61186/jgeri.1.1.55

Power Equations for Non-Detection Zone of Islanding Detection in Renewable-Energy-based Microgrids with Multiple Connection Points to Microgrids

Document Type : Research article

Authors

Saman Darvish Kermani ¹

Vahid Davatgaran ²

Arsalan Beigzadeh ³

Mahmood Joorabian ⁴

¹ GHD Advisory, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.

² Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.

³ Department of Maintenance, Iran Khodro Co, Tehran, Iran.

⁴ Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.61186/jgeri.1.1.55

Abstract

Microgrids (MGs), which can incorporate renewable energies such as wind and solar, can be divided into several sub-MGs with multiple connection points (MCPs) to the grids. However, this configuration is not ideal for MG operation due to the lack of adequate protection and operation mechanisms that ensure the safe and reliable functioning of distributed generation. A key issue with these MGs is the identification of islanding, which is challenging due to the presence of a broad non-detection zone (NDZ). Passive islanding identification approaches primarily depend on over/under voltage protection (OVP/UVP), over/under frequency protection (OFP/UFP), and monitoring metrics, such as phase jump at the point of common coupling (PCC). This study examines the power equations for real and reactive power in renewable-energy-based MGs (referred to as renewable MGs) with multiple connections to different grids and MGs, which are of significant size. The analysis focuses on the NDZ of OVP/UVP and OFP/UFP approaches. Passive approaches observe the changing system parameters that occur when the MG is isolated, while active methods depend on the system's reaction to a minor disturbance introduced to identify the isolation situation. Traditional passive islanding detection approaches exhibit a significant NDZ that may compromise the accuracy of islanding detection in these types of MGs. Even if one grid is disconnected, the MG remains connected to other grids, preventing islanding. Consequently, typical active islanding detection methods are unable to identify the off-grid status.

Graphical Abstract

Power Equations for Non-Detection Zone of Islanding Detection in Renewable-Energy-based Microgrids with Multiple Connection Points to Microgrids

Highlights

Presenting the power equations for active and reactive power in renewable-energy-based multi-‎microgrids‏
Presenting procedures for over/under voltage protection, over/under frequency protection
The proposed approach is very broad across different types of microgrids‏
The proposed local islanding identification methods often have a significant NDZ‏

Keywords

Microgrid

Power Equation

Passive and Active Islanding Detection

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The ethical issues, including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, redundancy, have been completely observed by the authors.

Credit Authorship Contribution Statement

Saman Darvish Kermani‎: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation‎, Methodology‎, Resources‎, Roles/Writing- original draft. Vahid Davatgaran‎: Methodology, Resources, Roles/Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Arsalan Beigzadeh: Conceptualization,‎ Supervision,‎ Methodology,‎ Roles/Writing- original draft. ‎ Mahmood Joorabian‎: Conceptualization, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Roles/Writing . - original draft.

Bibliography

Saman Darvish Kermani received his PhD degree in 2016 from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran in the field of electrical ‎engineering. He is currently working at GHD Advisory Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia in the field of renewable ‎energy. His main research interests include optimization, nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms, islanding, ‎microgrid, smart grid, power quality, modeling of electrical networks, and distributed renewable resources‎.

Vahid Davatgaran ‎ was born in 1987 in Iran. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical ‎Engineering (Power Systems) from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2010, 2013, ‎and 2019, respectively. He is currently an assistant professor at Department of Electrical ‎Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran. His fields of interest ‎include operation and planning of power systems, microgrids and renewable energies, smart ‎grids, and reactive power control in power systems‎.

Arsalan Beigzadeh‎ was born in Ahvaz, Iran, in 1992. He received his B.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering from Jundi Shapour ‎University of Technology, Dezful, in 2015 and his M.Sc. degree in Electrical Power systems from Shahid ‎Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz in 2018. He is currently working on a variety of research projects in ‎association with Iran Power Ministry. His fields of interest include distribution systems, distribution system ‎protection, power quality, and microgrids‎‎.

Mahmood Joorabian ‎ was born in Iran, in 1961. He received his B.E.E degree from University of New Haven, CT, USA, M.Sc. degree ‎in Electrical Power Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY, USA and Ph.D. degree in Electrical ‎Engineering from University of Bath, Bath, UK in 1983, 1985 and 1996, respectively. He has been with the ‎Department of Electrical Engineering at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran as Senior Lecturer ‎‎(1985), Assistant Professor (1996), Associate Professor (2004) and Professor (2009). His main research interests ‎are fault location, FACTS devices, power system protection, power quality, and applications of intelligence ‎technique in power systems‎.

Citation

S. Darvish Kermani, V. Davatgaran, A. Beigzadeh, and M. Joorabian, "Power Equations for Non-Detection Zone of Islanding Detection in Renewable-‎Energy-based Microgrids with Multiple Connection Points to Micro-Grids‎‎," Journal of Green Energy Research and Innovation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 55-65, 2024.

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