Journal of Green Energy Research and Innovation
Quarterly

Modeling and Optimization of the Photovoltaic System Connected to the Grid

Document Type : Research article

Authors

Reza Alayi 1
Yaser Ebazadeh 2
Babak Pordel Marageh 3
Mustafa Ghazi Sabri Al Sabti 4
Ali Morsagh Dezfuli 5

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, ‎Ge.C., Islamic Azad University, Germi‏ ‏‎5651763764‏,‏‎ Iran‎.‎

2 Department of Computer Engineering, Ge.C., Islamic Azad University, Germi 5651763764, Iran.

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Ard.C., Islamic ‎Azad University, Ardebil, Iran‎.‎

4 Department of Energy Engineering and Industries, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran.

5 Electrical Engineer, Khuzestan Steel ‎Company (KSC), Ahvaz, Iran‎.‎

https://doi.org/10.61882/jgeri.2.3.14
Abstract
In recent years, distributed generation as a source of local loads and continuous economic operation has gathered ‎attention. In this thread, this study focuses on distributed generation using a photovoltaic package with batteries, so that ‎the power drawn from the distributed generation system for injection into the main grid or receiving it is adjusted based ‎on the battery charge status. The goal is to absorb the maximum power received from the photovoltaic system at any ‎temperature and hypothetical radiation. If the battery charge is not optimal, part of this power is applied to the battery ‎for charging. By presenting a suitable structure, a photovoltaic system with a battery package is presented as a ‎distributed generation source with the design of appropriate controllers. The results show that at any temperature and ‎radiation, the maximum power received from the photovoltaic system can be estimated. By controlling a converter ‎switching the required amount of energy can be obtained from the photovoltaic system. It can be concluded that such a ‎structure, as a desirable distributed generation source, is realized. With the proper design of the necessary controllers, ‎optimal management can be done for power management‎‎‎.‎

Graphical Abstract

Modeling and Optimization of the Photovoltaic System Connected to the Grid

Highlights

❖ The study focuses on distributed generation using a photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage.
❖ Power exchange with the grid is regulated based on the battery’s state of charge (SOC).
❖ The system aims to maximize PV power extraction under varying temperature and irradiation conditions.
❖ A converter with proper switching control enables efficient energy management.
❖ With well-designed controllers, the proposed structure ensures optimal and reliable power management in distributed systems. 

Keywords

Photovoltaic
On-grid
Electrical energy

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The ethical issues, including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, redundancy, have been completely observed by the authors.

Credit Authorship Contribution Statement

Reza Alayi: Conceptualization, Project administration, Supervision. Yaser Ebazadeh: Data curation, Software, Validation, Visualization. Babak Pordel Marageh: Formal analysis, Investigation. Mustafa Ghazi Sabri Al Sabti:  Methodology, Resources. Ali Morsagh Dezfuli: Roles/Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing.


Bibliography
Reza Alayi holds a MSc. and a PhD in energy systems engineering from science and research branch Islamic Azad University (IAU) in Iran. He is leading the "Energy engineering" group the Saveh for Energy institute of higher education. He currently works Assistant Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Germi Branch. Dr. Alayi research is mainly focused energy systems analysis of renewable energy, especially solar energy and energy management in buildings and industry. 

Yaser Ebazadeh received the BS.c. in Computer Science from Tabriz University, Iran in 2004, MS.c. in Computer ‎Engineering from Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran in 2017, and is currently ‎pursuing the full-time Ph.D. degree in Computer Engineering of Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad ‎University, Qazvin, Iran. His major research interests include the resource management, task ‎scheduling, and security of Cloud and Fog computing.  ‎

Babak Pordel Marageh holds a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, a master's ‎degree in structural engineering from the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, and a doctorate in ‎structural engineering from the Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch. He is a faculty member of the ‎Department of Civil Engineering at the Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, and is an expert in the ‎fields of retrofitting, progressive failure, and design of special concrete structures‎. ‎

Mustafa Ghazi Sabri Al Sabti  holds a bachelor's degree in Polymer & petrochemical engineering from the Islamic Azad university ‎Tehran, a master's degree in Renewable energy Engineering from the Islamic Azad university ‎Tehran, and is an expert in the fields of Renewable energy Engineering‎.  ‎

Ali Morsagh Dezfuli was born in Dezful, Iran in 1992. He received the B.Sc.degree from the Jundi-Shapur University of Technology of Dezful, Dezful, Iran in 2015, the M.Sc. degree from the Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran in 2017 and he is a PhD candidate at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran all in Power Electrical Engineering. His research interests are: Voltage and Frequency Control of Microgrid, Power Electronics, FACTs Devices and Power System Protection. 

Citation

R. Alayi, Y. Ebazadeh, B. P. Marageh, M. G. S. Al Sabti, and A. M. Dezfuli," Modeling and Optimization of the Photovoltaic System Connected to the Grid," Journal of Green Energy Research and Innovation, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 14-26, 2025.

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  • Receive Date 18 March 2025
  • Revise Date 13 April 2025
  • Accept Date 19 April 2025
  • Publish Date 01 September 2025

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