Journal of Green Energy Research and Innovation
Quarterly

Planning EV parking lots and renewable energy sources to minimize distribution network cost

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research article

Authors

Soheil Badsar
Meysam Jafari-Nokandi

Babol Noshirvani University of Technology

10.61186/jgeri.2025.2070039.1074
Abstract
Considering the growing use of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources (RESs) in recent years, determining the appropriate location for EV parking lots (EVPLs) and RESs can help the distribution system operator (DSO) to reduce network losses, increase reliability, and improve the voltage profile. This article models the simultaneous siting of EVPLs and RESs to minimize the total costs of the distribution network. The objective function includes the expenses of EVPL and RESs investment, power losses, purchasing energy, charging EVs, the power generated by RESs, and the cost of increasing maximum power loss. In addition, we regarded the revenue from parking tariffs in parking lots. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) and implemented on the 33-bus test system. The results show that the cost of energy purchase and energy losses due to the presence of EVPLs and RESs are 31% and 62% of the initial value in the network, respectively.

Keywords

Electric Vehicle
EV Parking Lot
Power Loss
Vehicle to Grid
Journal of Green Energy Research and Innovation

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 07 December 2025

  • Receive Date 27 August 2025
  • Revise Date 28 October 2025
  • Accept Date 07 December 2025
  • Publish Date 07 December 2025

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