Journal of Green Energy Research and Innovation
Quarterly

Modeling the Demand Response Programs in Multi-area Dynamic Economic Dispatch

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research article

Authors

Yeganeh Sharifian 1
Hamdi Abdi 2

1 Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

10.61186/jgeri.2026.2080804.1094
Abstract
The multi-area dynamic economic dispatch (MADED) problem stands as a central challenge in power system engineering, primarily focused on minimizing the operating costs of committed units. In this formulation, each area comprises its own set of generating units, local demand, and tie-line constraints with neighboring areas. A strategic method for improving power system efficiency and reducing expenses involves the optimal utilization of available energy resources. In this context, demand response programs are particularly relevant. This study introduces a unified framework that integrates emergency demand response programs and direct load control into the MADED formulation. Within the integrated model, both generation costs and incentive values are optimized concurrently. The proposed framework is tested on a 40-unit system over a 24-hour horizon using the crow search algorithm. Results demonstrate a 1.33% reduction in total cost and improvements in daily load profile characteristics, including peak shaving, load factor enhancement, and a lower peak-to-valley ratio. Load factor increased from 82.84% to 87.98% and peak to valley ratio decreased from 32.11% to 22.59%.

Keywords

Demand response (DR)
MADED
Crow search algorithm (CSA)
Journal of Green Energy Research and Innovation

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 16 February 2026

  • Receive Date 13 December 2025
  • Revise Date 03 January 2026
  • Accept Date 16 February 2026
  • Publish Date 16 February 2026

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