Deep Learning Approaches for Solar and Wind Power Forecasting: A Review

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Department of Computer Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

2 Department of Computer Engineering, Malayer University, P. O. Box 65719-95863, Malayer, Iran

10.61882/jgeri.2026.2096273.1126
Abstract
Accurate forecasts of solar irradiance, photovoltaic (PV) output and wind-power generation are increasingly important for grid balancing, reserve planning, storage operation and electricity-market decisions. This review examines integrated hybrid deep-learning studies published between 1 January 2023 and 9 August 2026 using two linked layers of evidence: an exhaustive eligibility registry and a more detailed nested audit. The database search returned 6,792 records (1,857 from ProQuest and 4,935 from OpenAlex). After deterministic deduplication removed 1,917 records, 4,875 unique records entered title/abstract screening. We excluded 1,620 at that stage and sought 3,255 reports for retrieval and full-text assessment. Of those reports, 990 could not be retrieved (30.4%), 2,265 were assessed, and 1,821 were excluded at full text. This left 444 database-ledger studies. Reconciliation with the separate Other-Methods/Legacy pathway added two distinct studies (R011 and R015); R005 was already represented by OA-1274 and was counted once. The final eligibility registry therefore contains 446 unique studies. Complete study-level extraction and the full Q1–Q10 Quality Gate were available for a 40-study Core40 subset, where 17 studies met the Primary evidence criteria and 23 were classified QA-Hold. The other 406 eligible studies remain in the registry but are not assigned a study-quality class because an equivalent Q1–Q10 appraisal was not available at the analysis freeze. For that reason, detailed findings on architecture, year/domain patterns, missing data and claim strength are reported only for Core40 and are not presented as prevalence estimates for all 446 studies. We also avoid cross-study ranking because the reviewed studies differ substantially in target scale, climate, dataset, forecast horizon, temporal resolution, preprocessing, split design and metric definition.

Keywords



Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 09 October 2026

  • Receive Date 01 August 2026
  • Revise Date 27 September 2026
  • Accept Date 09 October 2026
  • Publish Date 09 October 2026